Only the latter can cause expensive damage if you're unlucky and the last three lines of Mincey's post above sum it up nicely.
First and most important point to note is that the 12V battery on any car, conventional or hybrid, is only used to get the car started. Once the conventional alternator or the hybrid DC/DC Converter is running, that will supply all the 12V systems and also charge the 12V battery.
When jump starting, the normal procedure is to start and run the engine of the donor car before attempting to start the recipient car. This is so that the recipient will draw current from the donor alternator (or DC/DC Converter) rather than the donor battery.*
A hybrid car does not need a lot of current to get it into READY mode or if you prefer, to start the car. In a (very unscientific) test that I did, it would seem that around 20A is more than enough.
A conventional car starter motor can draw upwards of 300A when cranking the engine, which is fine because alternators are designed to supply that demand. However, the DC/DC converter on a hybrid car cannot supply anywhere near that amount of current, which is why a hybrid must never be used to jump start a conventional car.
I think there is some electronic wizardry within the converter to prevent excess current draw from it but if, for whatever reason, that failed, the converter would likely make a huge bang and produce lots of smoke.
There is no danger in using a conventional car to jump start a hybrid, just never try it the other way round.
*Given that hybrids take so little current to achieve READY mode, there is no need to have the engine of a hybrid donor car running and it wouldn't make a difference anyway.